商(shang)(shang)用(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)做(zuo)為新(xin)一代的(de)烹飪工具(ju)，分為多種(zhong)類型(xing)的(de)產品，包括商(shang)(shang)用(yong)大(da)(da)(da)炒爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、酒(jiu)店小炒爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、大(da)(da)(da)功率煲(bao)湯爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)煮面爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)煲(bao)仔爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)腸粉爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)蒸(zheng)包爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)煎扒爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)油炸爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等廚房設(she)備。為大(da)(da)(da)家介紹六(liu)種(zhong)調試(shi)商(shang)(shang)用(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)功率的(de)方法(fa)，一起來了解一下吧。

一、 變壓器初(chu)級(ji)抽頭切換、調(diao)頻、調(diao)壓法

通(tong)(tong)過(guo)切換商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐變壓器(qi)的初級(ji)(ji)抽頭獲(huo)得大、中(zhong)(zhong)、小功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。由于使用了脈(mo)(mo)沖功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)輸(shu)出(chu)變壓器(qi)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)輸(shu)出(chu)級(ji)(ji)與負載匹(pi)配(pei)良好(hao)。功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)級(ji)(ji)可以在(zai)良好(hao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下工(gong)作。大、中(zhong)(zhong)、小檔(dang)位(wei)采用頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)跟蹤法(fa)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)管在(zai)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關和零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)開(kai)(kai)關狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。在(zai)小檔(dang)到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)檔(dang)、中(zhong)(zhong)檔(dang)到(dao)大檔(dang)的功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)調節(jie)范圍內，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)微調激勵脈(mo)(mo)沖頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)來連續調節(jie)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。此時功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)管工(gong)作在(zai)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關，零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)導通(tong)(tong)，接近(jin)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)關斷狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。在(zai)小檔(dang)位(wei)到(dao)零(ling)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)范圍內，采用調頻方式會破壞功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)管的零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。

　　這(zhe)種功率(lv)(lv)調節(jie)方法(fa)相對復(fu)雜且成本高(gao)。其突(tu)出優點是功率(lv)(lv)調節(jie)范圍寬(kuan)，功率(lv)(lv)輸出級(ji)與負載匹配(pei)性好(hao)，商用電磁爐在8kW功率(lv)(lv)下(xia)散(san)熱器溫升小于6(測試(shi)于25)。

二、調頻方法

這(zhe)種方(fang)法(fa)的優點是電(dian)路簡單(dan)，但(dan)商用電(dian)磁爐輸出功(gong)(gong)率大時，電(dian)流相位滯后于電(dian)壓相位，大電(dian)流狀態(tai)下關斷時，功(gong)(gong)率管(guan)消耗(hao)很大。因(yin)此即(ji)使散熱器上(shang)的溫升沒(mei)有顯(xian)著增加，芯片也可能(neng)過(guo)熱并損(sun)壞(huai)ICBT電(dian)源模(mo)塊。因(yin)此在8kW以上(shang)的功(gong)(gong)率時不宜采(cai)用該方(fang)法(fa)調功(gong)(gong)。

三、 改變(bian)整流電(dian)壓法(fa)

將(jiang)三相整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)改(gai)為可控(kong)(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)，通(tong)過控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為0~10V的(de)(de)(de)可控(kong)(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)改(gai)變整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)DC輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)來改(gai)變商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)輸出功(gong)(gong)率，在(zai)額(e)定輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)完全導(dao)通(tong)，獲得額(e)定大功(gong)(gong)率，在(zai)非額(e)定大功(gong)(gong)率下，由于整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)輸出DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降低(di)，功(gong)(gong)率與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)呈平方關系下降。這(zhe)種(zhong)功(gong)(gong)率調(diao)節方式的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路簡單，功(gong)(gong)率調(diao)節連續。頻率跟蹤可以在(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個功(gong)(gong)率調(diao)節范(fan)圍內實現。這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)可控(kong)(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)沒(mei)有完全導(dao)通(tong)，存在(zai)斬波間隙，對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容(rong)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)影響(xiang)很大。為了通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容(rong)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)，對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源濾波器(qi)和整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)要求較高，而且(qie)這(zhe)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)元器(qi)件數量(liang)比(bi)較多，增加了整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機的(de)(de)(de)尺寸和成本。

四、 移相調脈寬法

如果(guo)變(bian)壓器沒有(you)抽頭(tou)，則它(ta)僅用于將(jiang)感應線(xian)圈與主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)隔離并匹配(pei)負(fu)載。作用T1和(he)T2為左橋(qiao)臂(bei)，T3和(he)T4為右橋(qiao)臂(bei)。T1和(he)T2的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵脈(mo)沖(chong)被反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)，并且具有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)死區時(shi)(shi)間來確保T1和(he)T2不(bu)產生公(gong)共(gong)導通(tong)。類似(si)T3和(he)T4的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵脈(mo)沖(chong)被反(fan)(fan)轉(zhuan)并且具有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)死區時(shi)(shi)間。當左右橋(qiao)臂(bei)的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵脈(mo)沖(chong)相位差從(cong)(cong)180變(bian)為0時(shi)(shi)，商(shang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)從(cong)(cong)大(da)值(zhi)到小值(zhi)連續平滑變(bian)化，半(ban)(ban)橋(qiao)臂(bei)的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)管實現零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓切換。此外橋(qiao)臂(bei)另一半(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)管實現零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流開關。實際使用移相脈(mo)寬(kuan)調制法時(shi)(shi)，由(you)于省略(lve)了補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感，商(shang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐功率(lv)小時(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)臂(bei)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開關會錯(cuo)位，所以功率(lv)低時(shi)(shi)采用間隙(xi)加熱法調節功率(lv)。

移相脈寬調制法的(de)(de)缺點是IGBT管中有(you)大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過續流(liu)(liu)二極(ji)管，功率管的(de)(de)工作狀態不如上述變壓器抽頭法。它的(de)(de)優點是可以連(lian)續調節功率，省去了三個交流(liu)(liu)接觸器。

五、 脈沖(chong)功率輸(shu)出變壓器初級抽頭切換法

控制電路(lu)可以(yi)(yi)分(fen)別接(jie)通三(san)個交流接(jie)觸器(qi)的(de)常(chang)開觸點J1-1、J2-1，接(jie)通脈沖功(gong)率(lv)輸出變壓器(qi)的(de)一次抽頭，分(fen)別獲得(de)大、中、小(xiao)、三(san)檔的(de)功(gong)率(lv)。由于接(jie)觸器(qi)的(de)存在，這種功(gong)率(lv)調節方式的(de)機芯體積(ji)龐(pang)大。小(xiao)心打開和關(guan)閉(bi)接(jie)觸器(qi)時，需要首(shou)先關(guan)閉(bi)激勵脈沖，以(yi)(yi)便在功(gong)率(lv)輸出級沒有電流時可以(yi)(yi)切換。

六、 間隙加熱法

向間(jian)(jian)隙施加(jia)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖，使(shi)商用(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)爐間(jian)(jian)歇加(jia)熱，控制間(jian)(jian)歇加(jia)熱時(shi)間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔，調(diao)(diao)節電(dian)磁(ci)爐功(gong)率。電(dian)路簡單，但通斷(duan)時(shi)有電(dian)磁(ci)噪聲，對電(dian)源有電(dian)流沖擊。使(shi)用(yong)這種(zhong)功(gong)率調(diao)(diao)節方法時(shi)，要注意(yi)電(dian)流為零時(shi)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖的關斷(duan)，否則關斷(duan)時(shi)鍋(guo)底的電(dian)磁(ci)噪聲會比較大。

以上就是六種(zhong)調試商用電磁爐功率的(de)方法,該(gai)設備適用于餐(can)飲行(xing)業、廠礦院校、機關團(tuan)體、軍(jun)警部(bu)隊等企事業單位的(de)廚房(fang)。

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