商(shang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)做為新(xin)一代的烹飪工具,分為多種(zhong)類型的產品,包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)商(shang)用(yong)大炒爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、酒店小炒爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、大功率煲湯爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)煮面爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)煲仔爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)腸粉(fen)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)蒸(zheng)包(bao)(bao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)煎扒爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)油炸爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等廚房設備。為大家介(jie)紹六種(zhong)調試(shi)商(shang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)功率的方法,一起來了(le)解一下吧。
一(yi)、 變壓(ya)器初(chu)級(ji)抽頭切換、調(diao)頻、調(diao)壓(ya)法
通過(guo)切換商(shang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)變壓器(qi)的初級(ji)(ji)抽頭獲(huo)得大、中、小功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)。由(you)于使用(yong)了脈(mo)沖功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸(shu)出(chu)變壓器(qi),功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸(shu)出(chu)級(ji)(ji)與負載匹配良(liang)好。功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)級(ji)(ji)可(ke)以在良(liang)好狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下工(gong)作。大、中、小檔(dang)位采用(yong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)跟(gen)蹤(zong)法,功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)管(guan)在零(ling)(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)關和零(ling)(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)開(kai)關狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。在小檔(dang)到(dao)中檔(dang)、中檔(dang)到(dao)大檔(dang)的功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei),通過(guo)微調(diao)(diao)激勵(li)脈(mo)沖頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)來連續調(diao)(diao)節(jie)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)。此時功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)管(guan)工(gong)作在零(ling)(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)關,零(ling)(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)導通,接近零(ling)(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)關斷狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。在小檔(dang)位到(dao)零(ling)(ling)(ling)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei),采用(yong)調(diao)(diao)頻(pin)(pin)方式(shi)會破壞功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)管(guan)的零(ling)(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)關狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。
這種功(gong)率(lv)調節方法相對復雜且成(cheng)本(ben)高。其突出(chu)優(you)點(dian)是功(gong)率(lv)調節范圍寬,功(gong)率(lv)輸出(chu)級(ji)與負(fu)載匹配(pei)性好,商用(yong)電磁爐在8kW功(gong)率(lv)下散熱器溫升小(xiao)于(yu)6(測(ce)試于(yu)25)。
二、調頻方法
這種方法的(de)優點是電路簡單,但商用電磁爐輸(shu)出功(gong)率大時,電流(liu)相位滯后于電壓相位,大電流(liu)狀態下(xia)關(guan)斷(duan)時,功(gong)率管消(xiao)耗(hao)很大。因此即使散熱器上的(de)溫升沒有(you)顯著增加,芯片也可能過熱并損壞ICBT電源(yuan)模(mo)塊。因此在8kW以上的(de)功(gong)率時不(bu)宜采用該(gai)方法調功(gong)。
三、 改變整(zheng)流電(dian)壓(ya)法(fa)
將三相整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊改為(wei)可(ke)控整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊,通(tong)過控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)0~10V的(de)(de)可(ke)控整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊改變(bian)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)后的(de)(de)DC輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來(lai)改變(bian)商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐的(de)(de)輸出功率,在(zai)額(e)定輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下,整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊完全導通(tong),獲得額(e)定大功率,在(zai)非(fei)額(e)定大功率下,由于整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)后的(de)(de)輸出DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低,功率與電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)呈平方關(guan)系(xi)下降。這種功率調節方式的(de)(de)優點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)簡單,功率調節連續。頻率跟蹤(zong)可(ke)以在(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)功率調節范圍內實現。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)缺點是可(ke)控整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)模(mo)塊沒有完全導通(tong),存(cun)在(zai)斬波(bo)間隙(xi),對電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容指(zhi)標影響很大。為(wei)了通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容指(zhi)標,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)源濾波(bo)器和(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)要(yao)求較(jiao)高,而(er)且這部分的(de)(de)元器件(jian)數量(liang)比較(jiao)多,增加了整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機的(de)(de)尺寸和(he)(he)成本。
四、 移相調脈寬法
如(ru)果變壓器(qi)沒有抽頭(tou),則它僅用于將感應線(xian)圈與主電(dian)源隔離并匹配負(fu)載(zai)。作用T1和T2為(wei)左橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臂,T3和T4為(wei)右(you)(you)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臂。T1和T2的(de)(de)激勵脈(mo)沖(chong)被反轉(zhuan)(zhuan),并且具(ju)有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)死區(qu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)來(lai)確(que)保(bao)T1和T2不產生公共導通。類似T3和T4的(de)(de)激勵脈(mo)沖(chong)被反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)并且具(ju)有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)死區(qu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。當左右(you)(you)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臂的(de)(de)激勵脈(mo)沖(chong)相位(wei)差從180變為(wei)0時(shi)(shi),商用電(dian)磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率從大值到小值連續(xu)平(ping)滑變化,半(ban)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臂的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率管(guan)(guan)實現零(ling)電(dian)壓切(qie)換。此外(wai)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臂另一半(ban)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率管(guan)(guan)實現零(ling)電(dian)流開關(guan)。實際使用移相脈(mo)寬調制法(fa)時(shi)(shi),由于省(sheng)略了補(bu)償(chang)電(dian)感,商用電(dian)磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)功(gong)(gong)率小時(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臂前的(de)(de)零(ling)電(dian)壓開關(guan)會錯位(wei),所以功(gong)(gong)率低時(shi)(shi)采用間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙加熱法(fa)調節(jie)功(gong)(gong)率。
移相脈寬(kuan)調(diao)制法的缺點是(shi)IGBT管中有(you)大電流(liu)(liu)通過續流(liu)(liu)二(er)極管,功(gong)率(lv)管的工作狀態不如(ru)上述變壓器(qi)抽(chou)頭法。它的優點是(shi)可以連(lian)續調(diao)節功(gong)率(lv),省去了三個交流(liu)(liu)接觸器(qi)。
五、 脈沖(chong)功(gong)率輸出變壓(ya)器(qi)初級抽頭切換法
控制電路可(ke)以分(fen)別接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)三個交流(liu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)的(de)常開(kai)觸點J1-1、J2-1,接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)脈沖功率(lv)輸出(chu)變壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)一次抽頭,分(fen)別獲得(de)大、中、小、三檔的(de)功率(lv)。由于(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)的(de)存(cun)在(zai),這種功率(lv)調節方(fang)式的(de)機芯體積(ji)龐大。小心打開(kai)和(he)關閉接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)時,需要首先(xian)關閉激勵脈沖,以便(bian)在(zai)功率(lv)輸出(chu)級沒有電流(liu)時可(ke)以切(qie)換。
六、 間隙加熱法
向間(jian)(jian)隙施加(jia)激(ji)勵脈沖(chong),使商(shang)用(yong)電(dian)磁爐間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)加(jia)熱,控制間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)加(jia)熱時間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔,調(diao)節電(dian)磁爐功率。電(dian)路簡單,但(dan)通(tong)斷(duan)時有電(dian)磁噪(zao)聲,對電(dian)源有電(dian)流沖(chong)擊。使用(yong)這種功率調(diao)節方法時,要注意電(dian)流為零時激(ji)勵脈沖(chong)的(de)關(guan)斷(duan),否則關(guan)斷(duan)時鍋(guo)底的(de)電(dian)磁噪(zao)聲會比較大。
以上(shang)就是六種調試商用電磁爐功(gong)率的方法,該設(she)備適用于餐(can)飲行業、廠礦院校、機關團體、軍(jun)警部隊等企事業單(dan)位的廚房。
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