商用電(dian)磁爐(lu)(lu)做為新一代的(de)烹飪工具,分為多(duo)種(zhong)類型(xing)的(de)產品,包(bao)括(kuo)商用大炒(chao)爐(lu)(lu)、酒(jiu)店小(xiao)炒(chao)爐(lu)(lu)、大功率煲湯(tang)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁煮(zhu)面爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁煲仔爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁腸粉(fen)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁蒸(zheng)包(bao)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁煎扒(ba)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)磁油炸爐(lu)(lu)等(deng)廚房設備。為大家介紹六種(zhong)調試商用電(dian)磁爐(lu)(lu)功率的(de)方法,一起來(lai)了解一下吧。
一、 變壓器初級抽頭切換、調(diao)頻(pin)、調(diao)壓法
通(tong)過切換(huan)商(shang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)磁爐變壓器的(de)初級抽頭(tou)獲得大、中(zhong)、小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。由于使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)變壓器,功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)級與負(fu)載(zai)匹配良(liang)好。功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)級可以在良(liang)好狀態(tai)下工作。大、中(zhong)、小(xiao)(xiao)檔(dang)位采用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)跟蹤法(fa),功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管在零(ling)(ling)電(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關和零(ling)(ling)電(dian)流(liu)開(kai)(kai)關狀態(tai)。在小(xiao)(xiao)檔(dang)到中(zhong)檔(dang)、中(zhong)檔(dang)到大檔(dang)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)調節范圍內,通(tong)過微調激(ji)勵脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)來連續調節功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。此時功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管工作在零(ling)(ling)電(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關,零(ling)(ling)電(dian)流(liu)導通(tong),接(jie)近零(ling)(ling)電(dian)流(liu)關斷狀態(tai)。在小(xiao)(xiao)檔(dang)位到零(ling)(ling)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)范圍內,采用(yong)(yong)(yong)調頻方式會破壞功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管的(de)零(ling)(ling)電(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關狀態(tai)。
這種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調節(jie)方法(fa)相對(dui)復(fu)雜(za)且成本高。其突出優點是(shi)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調節(jie)范(fan)圍寬(kuan),功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸(shu)出級(ji)與(yu)負載匹配性好,商(shang)用電磁爐在(zai)8kW功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)下散熱器溫升小于(yu)6(測試于(yu)25)。
二、調頻方法
這種方法的優點是電路簡單,但商用電磁爐(lu)輸出(chu)功(gong)率大時,電流相位滯后于電壓相位,大電流狀態下(xia)關(guan)斷時,功(gong)率管消(xiao)耗很大。因此即(ji)使(shi)散熱(re)器(qi)上的溫升沒有顯著增加,芯片也可能過熱(re)并(bing)損壞ICBT電源模(mo)塊。因此在8kW以(yi)上的功(gong)率時不(bu)宜采(cai)用該方法調功(gong)。
三(san)、 改變整流電壓法
將三相整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)為可控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai),通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為0~10V的(de)(de)可控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)變(bian)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)的(de)(de)DC輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來改(gai)變(bian)商用電(dian)(dian)磁爐的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv),在(zai)額定輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下,整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)完(wan)全(quan)導(dao)通(tong),獲得額定大(da)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv),在(zai)非額定大(da)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)下,由(you)于整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)DC電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低,功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)與電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)呈平方(fang)關系下降。這種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)方(fang)式的(de)(de)優點是電(dian)(dian)路簡單,功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)連續。頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)跟蹤可以(yi)在(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)范圍內實現。這種電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)缺(que)點是可控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)沒有完(wan)全(quan)導(dao)通(tong),存在(zai)斬波間隙(xi),對(dui)電(dian)(dian)磁兼容(rong)指標影響很大(da)。為了(le)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)磁兼容(rong)指標,對(dui)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)濾波器(qi)和(he)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)要(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)高,而且這部分的(de)(de)元器(qi)件數(shu)量(liang)比較(jiao)(jiao)多,增加了(le)整(zheng)(zheng)機的(de)(de)尺寸和(he)成本。
四、 移相調脈寬法
如果變(bian)壓器沒有抽頭,則它僅用(yong)(yong)于將(jiang)感(gan)應線圈與(yu)主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源隔離并(bing)匹配負載。作用(yong)(yong)T1和(he)(he)T2為左橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)(bei),T3和(he)(he)T4為右(you)橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)。T1和(he)(he)T2的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)被反轉,并(bing)且(qie)具有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)死區時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)來確(que)保T1和(he)(he)T2不(bu)產生(sheng)公(gong)共導通。類(lei)似T3和(he)(he)T4的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)被反轉并(bing)且(qie)具有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)死區時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。當左右(you)橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)相位差(cha)從180變(bian)為0時(shi)(shi)(shi),商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率從大值(zhi)到小(xiao)值(zhi)連續平滑變(bian)化,半橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率管實現零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓切(qie)換。此外橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)另(ling)一半的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率管實現零電(dian)(dian)(dian)流開(kai)(kai)關(guan)。實際(ji)使用(yong)(yong)移相脈(mo)寬調制法時(shi)(shi)(shi),由于省(sheng)略了補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan),商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐功(gong)(gong)率小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)臂(bei)(bei)前的(de)(de)(de)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關(guan)會錯(cuo)位,所以功(gong)(gong)率低時(shi)(shi)(shi)采用(yong)(yong)間(jian)(jian)隙加熱法調節功(gong)(gong)率。
移相脈寬調制法(fa)的缺點是IGBT管(guan)中有大電流(liu)通過(guo)續流(liu)二極管(guan),功率管(guan)的工作狀態(tai)不如上述變壓器抽(chou)頭法(fa)。它的優點是可(ke)以(yi)連續調節功率,省去了(le)三個交流(liu)接(jie)觸器。
五、 脈沖功率輸出變壓器初(chu)級抽頭切換法
控制電(dian)路可以分別(bie)接通三(san)個交流接觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)的(de)常開(kai)觸(chu)(chu)點J1-1、J2-1,接通脈(mo)(mo)沖功(gong)率(lv)輸出變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)一次(ci)抽(chou)頭,分別(bie)獲得大、中、小、三(san)檔的(de)功(gong)率(lv)。由于接觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)的(de)存(cun)在,這種功(gong)率(lv)調節方(fang)式的(de)機芯體積龐(pang)大。小心(xin)打開(kai)和關閉接觸(chu)(chu)器(qi)時,需要(yao)首先關閉激勵脈(mo)(mo)沖,以便在功(gong)率(lv)輸出級沒有電(dian)流時可以切(qie)換。
六、 間隙加熱法
向間隙施加激(ji)勵脈沖(chong)(chong),使(shi)商(shang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)間歇(xie)加熱,控制間歇(xie)加熱時(shi)間間隔,調(diao)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)功率(lv)(lv)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路簡單,但通斷時(shi)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁噪(zao)聲,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)沖(chong)(chong)擊。使(shi)用這種功率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節(jie)方法時(shi),要注意(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為零時(shi)激(ji)勵脈沖(chong)(chong)的關斷,否則關斷時(shi)鍋底的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁噪(zao)聲會比較大。
以上就是(shi)六種調(diao)試商(shang)用電磁爐功率的方法(fa),該設備(bei)適用于(yu)餐飲行業(ye)、廠礦院校(xiao)、機關團體(ti)、軍警部隊等企事(shi)業(ye)單位的廚房(fang)。
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