商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)(lu)做為新一(yi)代(dai)的烹飪工具，分(fen)為多種(zhong)類(lei)型的產品，包括商用(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)炒爐(lu)(lu)、酒(jiu)店小炒爐(lu)(lu)、大(da)(da)功率煲湯爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁煮面爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁煲仔(zi)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁腸粉(fen)爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁蒸包爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁煎扒爐(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁油炸爐(lu)(lu)等廚房設備(bei)。為大(da)(da)家介(jie)紹六種(zhong)調(diao)試商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)(lu)功率的方法，一(yi)起來了解一(yi)下(xia)吧。

一(yi)、 變壓器初級抽頭切換、調頻、調壓法

通過切換商用(yong)電(dian)磁爐變(bian)壓器的初級(ji)抽頭獲得大、中、小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。由于使用(yong)了脈沖功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出變(bian)壓器，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出級(ji)與(yu)負載(zai)匹配良好。功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)級(ji)可以在(zai)(zai)良好狀態(tai)下工(gong)作(zuo)。大、中、小檔位(wei)采(cai)用(yong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)跟蹤(zong)法，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)管在(zai)(zai)零電(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關和(he)零電(dian)流(liu)開(kai)(kai)關狀態(tai)。在(zai)(zai)小檔到(dao)中檔、中檔到(dao)大檔的功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)調節(jie)(jie)范(fan)圍內，通過微調激勵脈沖頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)來連續調節(jie)(jie)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。此(ci)時(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)管工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)零電(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關，零電(dian)流(liu)導通，接近(jin)零電(dian)流(liu)關斷狀態(tai)。在(zai)(zai)小檔位(wei)到(dao)零功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)范(fan)圍內，采(cai)用(yong)調頻(pin)方(fang)式會(hui)破壞功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)管的零電(dian)壓開(kai)(kai)關狀態(tai)。

　　這(zhe)種功(gong)率調節(jie)方法相對復雜(za)且成(cheng)本高。其突(tu)出(chu)優(you)點(dian)是功(gong)率調節(jie)范(fan)圍寬，功(gong)率輸(shu)出(chu)級與負載匹配性好(hao)，商用(yong)電磁(ci)爐在8kW功(gong)率下散熱(re)器溫升(sheng)小于(yu)6(測試于(yu)25)。

二、調頻方法

這種(zhong)方(fang)法的優(you)點是電(dian)(dian)路簡單，但商用電(dian)(dian)磁爐輸(shu)出功(gong)率(lv)大時，電(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)位滯(zhi)后于電(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)位，大電(dian)(dian)流狀態下關斷時，功(gong)率(lv)管(guan)消耗(hao)很大。因此即使散熱器(qi)上的溫升沒有顯(xian)著增加(jia)，芯片(pian)也可能過熱并損壞ICBT電(dian)(dian)源模塊。因此在(zai)8kW以(yi)上的功(gong)率(lv)時不宜采用該方(fang)法調(diao)功(gong)。

三(san)、 改變整(zheng)流電(dian)壓法(fa)

將三相整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)改(gai)為可(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)，通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya)為0~10V的(de)(de)可(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)改(gai)變整(zheng)(zheng)流后的(de)(de)DC輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)來改(gai)變商用(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)爐的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，在(zai)(zai)額定輸(shu)入電(dian)壓(ya)下，整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)完全導通(tong)，獲得額定大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，在(zai)(zai)非額定大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)下，由于整(zheng)(zheng)流后的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)DC電(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)低，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)與電(dian)壓(ya)呈(cheng)平(ping)方(fang)關系下降(jiang)。這(zhe)種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)調節方(fang)式的(de)(de)優點(dian)是電(dian)路(lu)簡單，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)調節連續。頻率(lv)跟(gen)蹤可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個功(gong)(gong)率(lv)調節范圍內實現(xian)。這(zhe)種電(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)缺點(dian)是可(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)沒有完全導通(tong)，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)斬波間隙，對(dui)電(dian)磁(ci)兼容指標影響很大。為了通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)磁(ci)兼容指標，對(dui)電(dian)源濾(lv)波器和整(zheng)(zheng)流濾(lv)波電(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)要求較(jiao)高，而且這(zhe)部(bu)分的(de)(de)元(yuan)器件(jian)數量比(bi)較(jiao)多，增(zeng)加了整(zheng)(zheng)機的(de)(de)尺寸和成本(ben)。

四、 移相調脈寬法

如果(guo)變壓(ya)器(qi)沒有(you)抽頭，則它僅用(yong)于(yu)(yu)將感(gan)應線圈與主電(dian)(dian)(dian)源隔離并匹(pi)配負載。作用(yong)T1和(he)T2為(wei)(wei)左橋臂(bei)(bei)(bei)，T3和(he)T4為(wei)(wei)右橋臂(bei)(bei)(bei)。T1和(he)T2的(de)激(ji)(ji)(ji)勵(li)脈沖被反轉(zhuan)，并且(qie)具(ju)(ju)有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)死區時間(jian)來(lai)確保T1和(he)T2不產生(sheng)公共(gong)導通。類似T3和(he)T4的(de)激(ji)(ji)(ji)勵(li)脈沖被反轉(zhuan)并且(qie)具(ju)(ju)有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)死區時間(jian)。當左右橋臂(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)激(ji)(ji)(ji)勵(li)脈沖相(xiang)位差從180變為(wei)(wei)0時，商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)(lu)的(de)功(gong)率從大值到小值連(lian)續平(ping)滑(hua)變化(hua)，半橋臂(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)功(gong)率管(guan)實現零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)切(qie)換。此外橋臂(bei)(bei)(bei)另一半的(de)功(gong)率管(guan)實現零電(dian)(dian)(dian)流開(kai)關。實際使(shi)用(yong)移相(xiang)脈寬調(diao)制法(fa)時，由于(yu)(yu)省略了補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)，商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)(lu)功(gong)率小時橋臂(bei)(bei)(bei)前(qian)的(de)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)開(kai)關會錯位，所以功(gong)率低時采用(yong)間(jian)隙(xi)加(jia)熱法(fa)調(diao)節功(gong)率。

移相脈寬調(diao)制法(fa)的(de)缺點(dian)(dian)是IGBT管(guan)中有大(da)電流(liu)通過續(xu)流(liu)二(er)極管(guan)，功(gong)率(lv)管(guan)的(de)工作狀態不如(ru)上述變壓(ya)器抽頭法(fa)。它的(de)優點(dian)(dian)是可以連(lian)續(xu)調(diao)節功(gong)率(lv)，省去了(le)三個交流(liu)接觸器。

五、 脈沖(chong)功率輸出變壓器初級抽頭切換法

控制電路可以分(fen)別(bie)接通三個交(jiao)流接觸(chu)器(qi)的常開觸(chu)點J1-1、J2-1，接通脈沖功(gong)率(lv)輸(shu)出(chu)變壓器(qi)的一次抽頭，分(fen)別(bie)獲(huo)得大(da)、中、小、三檔的功(gong)率(lv)。由于接觸(chu)器(qi)的存在，這種功(gong)率(lv)調(diao)節(jie)方式的機芯體(ti)積龐大(da)。小心打開和(he)關(guan)閉接觸(chu)器(qi)時(shi)，需要(yao)首先關(guan)閉激勵脈沖，以便在功(gong)率(lv)輸(shu)出(chu)級沒(mei)有電流時(shi)可以切換。

六、 間隙加熱法

向間(jian)隙施加激勵脈(mo)沖(chong)，使(shi)商用電(dian)(dian)磁爐間(jian)歇加熱(re)，控(kong)制間(jian)歇加熱(re)時(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔，調節電(dian)(dian)磁爐功率。電(dian)(dian)路簡單，但(dan)通斷(duan)時(shi)有電(dian)(dian)磁噪(zao)聲，對電(dian)(dian)源有電(dian)(dian)流沖(chong)擊。使(shi)用這種(zhong)功率調節方(fang)法時(shi)，要(yao)注意電(dian)(dian)流為零時(shi)激勵脈(mo)沖(chong)的關斷(duan)，否則關斷(duan)時(shi)鍋底的電(dian)(dian)磁噪(zao)聲會比較大。

以上就(jiu)是六種調試商用電磁(ci)爐功率的方(fang)法,該(gai)設備適用于餐飲行(xing)業、廠礦院校、機關團體、軍警部(bu)隊等(deng)企事(shi)業單位的廚(chu)房。

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