商(shang)(shang)用電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)做為新(xin)一(yi)代的(de)烹飪工具(ju),分為多種類型的(de)產品(pin),包括商(shang)(shang)用大炒(chao)(chao)爐(lu)(lu)、酒店小炒(chao)(chao)爐(lu)(lu)、大功率煲(bao)(bao)湯爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)煮(zhu)面爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)煲(bao)(bao)仔爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)腸(chang)粉爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)蒸包爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)煎扒爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)油(you)炸爐(lu)(lu)等廚(chu)房設備。為大家介紹六種調(diao)試商(shang)(shang)用電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)爐(lu)(lu)功率的(de)方(fang)法(fa),一(yi)起來了解一(yi)下(xia)吧。
一(yi)、 變壓器初級抽頭(tou)切換、調頻、調壓法
通過切換商用(yong)(yong)電(dian)磁爐變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)初級抽頭獲(huo)得大(da)、中(zhong)、小(xiao)功(gong)率(lv)。由于(yu)使用(yong)(yong)了脈(mo)沖功(gong)率(lv)輸出(chu)變壓(ya)(ya)器,功(gong)率(lv)輸出(chu)級與負(fu)載匹配良好。功(gong)率(lv)級可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)良好狀態(tai)(tai)下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)。大(da)、中(zhong)、小(xiao)檔(dang)(dang)位(wei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)頻(pin)率(lv)跟蹤法,功(gong)率(lv)管在(zai)(zai)(zai)零(ling)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)和(he)零(ling)電(dian)流(liu)開(kai)關(guan)狀態(tai)(tai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)檔(dang)(dang)到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)檔(dang)(dang)、中(zhong)檔(dang)(dang)到(dao)(dao)大(da)檔(dang)(dang)的(de)功(gong)率(lv)調節范圍內(nei),通過微調激勵脈(mo)沖頻(pin)率(lv)來(lai)連續調節功(gong)率(lv)。此(ci)時功(gong)率(lv)管工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)零(ling)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan),零(ling)電(dian)流(liu)導(dao)通,接近零(ling)電(dian)流(liu)關(guan)斷狀態(tai)(tai)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)檔(dang)(dang)位(wei)到(dao)(dao)零(ling)功(gong)率(lv)范圍內(nei),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)調頻(pin)方式會破壞(huai)功(gong)率(lv)管的(de)零(ling)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)狀態(tai)(tai)。
這種功(gong)率(lv)調節方法相(xiang)對復雜且成本高。其(qi)突出優點是功(gong)率(lv)調節范(fan)圍寬,功(gong)率(lv)輸出級與負載匹配性好,商用(yong)電磁(ci)爐(lu)在8kW功(gong)率(lv)下散熱器溫升小于6(測試于25)。
二、調頻方法
這種方法的(de)優點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)路簡單,但商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁爐(lu)輸出功率大(da)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相位(wei)滯后(hou)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相位(wei),大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流狀態下關斷時(shi),功率管(guan)消(xiao)耗很大(da)。因此(ci)即使散熱(re)(re)器上(shang)的(de)溫(wen)升(sheng)沒有顯著增加,芯片也可能過熱(re)(re)并損(sun)壞ICBT電(dian)(dian)(dian)源模塊。因此(ci)在8kW以上(shang)的(de)功率時(shi)不(bu)宜(yi)采(cai)用該方法調功。
三、 改變整流電壓法(fa)
將三(san)相整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)改為可(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai),通(tong)(tong)(tong)過控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為0~10V的(de)(de)可(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)改變整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流后(hou)的(de)(de)DC輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓來改變商(shang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐的(de)(de)輸出功(gong)(gong)率(lv),在額定輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下,整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)完(wan)全導通(tong)(tong)(tong),獲得額定大功(gong)(gong)率(lv),在非額定大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)下,由于整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流后(hou)的(de)(de)輸出DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降低,功(gong)(gong)率(lv)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓呈平方關(guan)系下降。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)調(diao)節方式(shi)的(de)(de)優點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)簡單,功(gong)(gong)率(lv)調(diao)節連續。頻(pin)率(lv)跟(gen)蹤可(ke)以在整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個功(gong)(gong)率(lv)調(diao)節范圍內實(shi)現(xian)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)缺點是可(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流模(mo)塊(kuai)沒有(you)完(wan)全導通(tong)(tong)(tong),存(cun)在斬波間(jian)隙,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)指(zhi)標影響很大。為了通(tong)(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)指(zhi)標,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源濾(lv)波器和整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)要求較(jiao)高,而且(qie)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)部(bu)分的(de)(de)元器件數量比較(jiao)多,增加了整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸和成本。
四、 移相調脈寬法
如果變(bian)壓器(qi)沒有抽(chou)頭,則它僅用(yong)于將感應線圈與(yu)主電源隔離(li)并匹配(pei)負載。作用(yong)T1和(he)T2為(wei)左(zuo)(zuo)橋臂,T3和(he)T4為(wei)右橋臂。T1和(he)T2的(de)(de)激勵(li)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)被反(fan)轉(zhuan),并且(qie)(qie)具有足夠的(de)(de)死(si)區(qu)時(shi)間(jian)來確保T1和(he)T2不產生公共導通。類似T3和(he)T4的(de)(de)激勵(li)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)被反(fan)轉(zhuan)并且(qie)(qie)具有足夠的(de)(de)死(si)區(qu)時(shi)間(jian)。當左(zuo)(zuo)右橋臂的(de)(de)激勵(li)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)相位差從180變(bian)為(wei)0時(shi),商(shang)用(yong)電磁爐的(de)(de)功(gong)率從大值到小值連續平滑變(bian)化,半橋臂的(de)(de)功(gong)率管實(shi)現零(ling)電壓切換。此(ci)外橋臂另一半的(de)(de)功(gong)率管實(shi)現零(ling)電流開關。實(shi)際使用(yong)移相脈(mo)(mo)寬(kuan)調(diao)制法時(shi),由于省略了補償電感,商(shang)用(yong)電磁爐功(gong)率小時(shi)橋臂前的(de)(de)零(ling)電壓開關會錯位,所以功(gong)率低時(shi)采用(yong)間(jian)隙加熱法調(diao)節功(gong)率。
移相脈(mo)寬調制法的(de)缺點(dian)是IGBT管(guan)中有大電流(liu)通過續流(liu)二極管(guan),功率(lv)管(guan)的(de)工作狀態不如上述變壓器(qi)抽(chou)頭法。它的(de)優點(dian)是可以連續調節功率(lv),省去了三個交流(liu)接(jie)觸器(qi)。
五、 脈(mo)沖功(gong)率(lv)輸(shu)出變壓器初級抽(chou)頭切(qie)換法
控(kong)制電路可以(yi)(yi)分別接(jie)通三(san)個交流接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)常開觸點J1-1、J2-1,接(jie)通脈(mo)沖(chong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸出變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)一次(ci)抽頭,分別獲得大、中、小、三(san)檔的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)。由于接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)存在,這種功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)調節(jie)方式的(de)(de)機芯體積龐大。小心打開和(he)關(guan)閉接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)時,需要(yao)首先關(guan)閉激勵脈(mo)沖(chong),以(yi)(yi)便(bian)在功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)輸出級沒有電流時可以(yi)(yi)切換。
六、 間隙加熱法
向間(jian)隙施加(jia)激(ji)勵脈沖(chong)(chong),使商用(yong)電磁爐(lu)間(jian)歇加(jia)熱,控(kong)制間(jian)歇加(jia)熱時(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔,調節(jie)電磁爐(lu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。電路簡單,但通斷時(shi)有電磁噪聲,對(dui)電源(yuan)有電流(liu)沖(chong)(chong)擊。使用(yong)這(zhe)種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)調節(jie)方法時(shi),要(yao)注意電流(liu)為(wei)零時(shi)激(ji)勵脈沖(chong)(chong)的關斷,否則關斷時(shi)鍋底的電磁噪聲會比較大。
以上就是六種調試商(shang)用電磁爐功率(lv)的方法,該設備適用于餐飲行業、廠礦院校、機關(guan)團(tuan)體、軍(jun)警部隊等企事業單(dan)位的廚房(fang)。
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