商(shang)用電磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)做為(wei)新一代的(de)烹飪(ren)工(gong)具,分(fen)為(wei)多種(zhong)類型(xing)的(de)產品,包括商(shang)用大(da)炒(chao)爐(lu)(lu)、酒(jiu)店小炒(chao)爐(lu)(lu)、大(da)功率煲湯爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)煮面爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)煲仔爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)腸(chang)粉爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)蒸包爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)煎(jian)扒爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)油炸爐(lu)(lu)等廚房設備(bei)。為(wei)大(da)家介(jie)紹六種(zhong)調試商(shang)用電磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)功率的(de)方法,一起來了解(jie)一下(xia)吧(ba)。
一(yi)、 變壓器(qi)初級抽頭切換(huan)、調頻、調壓法
通(tong)(tong)過(guo)切換商用電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐(lu)變(bian)壓器的初級抽頭(tou)獲得大(da)、中(zhong)、小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。由于使用了脈沖功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)變(bian)壓器,功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出(chu)級與(yu)負載匹配良(liang)好。功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)級可以(yi)在(zai)良(liang)好狀(zhuang)態下工作(zuo)。大(da)、中(zhong)、小(xiao)(xiao)檔位采(cai)用頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)跟(gen)蹤法,功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)在(zai)零電(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)和零電(dian)(dian)流開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)態。在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)檔到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)檔、中(zhong)檔到(dao)(dao)大(da)檔的功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節范圍內(nei),通(tong)(tong)過(guo)微(wei)調(diao)激勵脈沖頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)來(lai)連續調(diao)節功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)。此時功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)工作(zuo)在(zai)零電(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan),零電(dian)(dian)流導通(tong)(tong),接近(jin)零電(dian)(dian)流關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)狀(zhuang)態。在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)檔位到(dao)(dao)零功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)范圍內(nei),采(cai)用調(diao)頻(pin)方式(shi)會破壞功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)管(guan)的零電(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)態。
這種功(gong)率(lv)調節方法相(xiang)對復雜且(qie)成本(ben)高。其(qi)突出優點(dian)是功(gong)率(lv)調節范(fan)圍寬,功(gong)率(lv)輸出級與負載(zai)匹配性好,商用(yong)電磁爐在8kW功(gong)率(lv)下散熱器溫升小于6(測試于25)。
二、調頻方法
這種方法的優點是電(dian)(dian)路簡單(dan),但商用電(dian)(dian)磁爐輸出功率大(da)時,電(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)位(wei)滯后于電(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)位(wei),大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)狀態下(xia)關斷時,功率管消(xiao)耗很(hen)大(da)。因(yin)此(ci)即使散熱器(qi)上(shang)的溫升沒有(you)顯著增加(jia),芯片也(ye)可能過(guo)熱并損壞ICBT電(dian)(dian)源模塊。因(yin)此(ci)在8kW以上(shang)的功率時不(bu)宜采用該方法調功。
三、 改變整流(liu)電壓法
將三相整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)模塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)(gai)為可控整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)模塊(kuai)(kuai),通(tong)過(guo)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為0~10V的(de)可控整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)模塊(kuai)(kuai)改(gai)(gai)變整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)后(hou)的(de)DC輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓來改(gai)(gai)變商用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐的(de)輸出功率(lv)(lv),在(zai)額定輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下(xia),整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)模塊(kuai)(kuai)完(wan)全導(dao)通(tong),獲(huo)得額定大(da)(da)功率(lv)(lv),在(zai)非(fei)額定大(da)(da)功率(lv)(lv)下(xia),由于整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)后(hou)的(de)輸出DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降低,功率(lv)(lv)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓呈(cheng)平方關系下(xia)降。這種功率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節方式的(de)優點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)簡單(dan),功率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節連續。頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)跟(gen)蹤可以在(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個功率(lv)(lv)調(diao)節范圍內(nei)實(shi)現。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)缺點是可控整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)模塊(kuai)(kuai)沒(mei)有完(wan)全導(dao)通(tong),存(cun)在(zai)斬波(bo)間隙,對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容指標影響(xiang)很大(da)(da)。為了通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容指標,對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源濾(lv)波(bo)器(qi)和(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)要求較高,而且這部分的(de)元器(qi)件數量(liang)比(bi)較多,增加了整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機的(de)尺(chi)寸和(he)(he)成本(ben)。
四、 移相調脈寬法
如果(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)器沒有抽頭(tou),則它僅(jin)用(yong)于將感應線圈與主電源隔(ge)離并(bing)匹配負載。作用(yong)T1和(he)T2為左(zuo)橋臂(bei),T3和(he)T4為右橋臂(bei)。T1和(he)T2的(de)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖被(bei)反(fan)轉,并(bing)且具有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)死(si)區時(shi)(shi)間(jian)來確保T1和(he)T2不產生公(gong)共導通。類似T3和(he)T4的(de)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖被(bei)反(fan)轉并(bing)且具有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)死(si)區時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。當左(zuo)右橋臂(bei)的(de)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖相位差從180變(bian)為0時(shi)(shi),商用(yong)電磁爐(lu)的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)從大值到小值連續平滑變(bian)化,半(ban)橋臂(bei)的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)管實現零電壓(ya)切換。此外橋臂(bei)另一半(ban)的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)管實現零電流開(kai)關。實際使用(yong)移(yi)相脈寬調制法時(shi)(shi),由(you)于省略了補(bu)償電感,商用(yong)電磁爐(lu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)小時(shi)(shi)橋臂(bei)前的(de)零電壓(ya)開(kai)關會(hui)錯位,所(suo)以功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)低(di)時(shi)(shi)采用(yong)間(jian)隙(xi)加熱法調節功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)。
移(yi)相脈寬調制法的(de)缺點(dian)(dian)是(shi)IGBT管中有(you)大電流通過續(xu)流二(er)極(ji)管,功率管的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)不如上述(shu)變壓器抽(chou)頭法。它的(de)優點(dian)(dian)是(shi)可以連續(xu)調節(jie)功率,省(sheng)去了三個交流接觸器。
五(wu)、 脈沖功(gong)率(lv)輸出變壓器初級抽頭切換法
控(kong)制電路可以(yi)分別接通三個(ge)交流接觸器(qi)的(de)(de)常(chang)開(kai)觸點J1-1、J2-1,接通脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)功(gong)率輸出變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)一次抽頭,分別獲得大(da)、中、小、三檔的(de)(de)功(gong)率。由于(yu)接觸器(qi)的(de)(de)存在,這(zhe)種功(gong)率調節方式(shi)的(de)(de)機(ji)芯體積龐大(da)。小心打開(kai)和(he)關閉接觸器(qi)時,需要首先關閉激(ji)勵(li)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong),以(yi)便在功(gong)率輸出級沒(mei)有電流時可以(yi)切(qie)換。
六、 間隙加熱法
向間(jian)隙(xi)施加(jia)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖,使商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)爐(lu)間(jian)歇加(jia)熱,控制間(jian)歇加(jia)熱時(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔,調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)爐(lu)功率(lv)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路簡單,但通斷時(shi)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)噪聲,對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流沖擊(ji)。使用(yong)這種功率(lv)調節方(fang)法(fa)時(shi),要注意電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為零時(shi)激(ji)勵(li)脈沖的關斷,否則關斷時(shi)鍋底的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)噪聲會比(bi)較大。
以上(shang)就是六種調試商用(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)爐功率的方法,該設(she)備適用(yong)于(yu)餐(can)飲行業、廠礦院校、機關團體(ti)、軍警部隊等企事業單位的廚(chu)房。
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