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六種調試商用電磁爐功率的方法

2023-04-04 瀏覽次數:4777

商(shang)(shang)用(yong)電磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)做為(wei)(wei)新一代的(de)烹飪工具,分為(wei)(wei)多(duo)種類型(xing)的(de)產品,包(bao)括(kuo)商(shang)(shang)用(yong)大(da)炒爐(lu)(lu)、酒店小炒爐(lu)(lu)、大(da)功率煲湯爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)煮面爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)煲仔爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)腸粉爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)蒸(zheng)包(bao)爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)煎扒爐(lu)(lu)、電磁(ci)油炸爐(lu)(lu)等廚房設備。為(wei)(wei)大(da)家介紹六種調(diao)試商(shang)(shang)用(yong)電磁(ci)爐(lu)(lu)功率的(de)方法(fa),一起(qi)來了(le)解一下吧。

一、 變壓器初級抽頭切換(huan)、調(diao)頻、調(diao)壓法

通過切換(huan)商用(yong)電磁爐變壓器的初級(ji)抽頭(tou)獲得大、中、小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。由于使用(yong)了脈(mo)沖功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出變壓器,功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)輸出級(ji)與(yu)負(fu)載(zai)匹配(pei)良好(hao)。功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)級(ji)可以在良好(hao)狀態(tai)(tai)下工(gong)作。大、中、小(xiao)(xiao)檔(dang)位(wei)采(cai)用(yong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)跟蹤法,功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)在零(ling)電壓開關(guan)(guan)和零(ling)電流開關(guan)(guan)狀態(tai)(tai)。在小(xiao)(xiao)檔(dang)到中檔(dang)、中檔(dang)到大檔(dang)的功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)調節范(fan)圍(wei)內,通過微調激勵(li)脈(mo)沖頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)來連續調節功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。此時功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)工(gong)作在零(ling)電壓開關(guan)(guan),零(ling)電流導通,接近零(ling)電流關(guan)(guan)斷狀態(tai)(tai)。在小(xiao)(xiao)檔(dang)位(wei)到零(ling)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)范(fan)圍(wei)內,采(cai)用(yong)調頻(pin)(pin)方式會破壞功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)管(guan)的零(ling)電壓開關(guan)(guan)狀態(tai)(tai)。

  這(zhe)種功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調節方法相對復雜且成本高。其突出優點(dian)是功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)調節范圍(wei)寬(kuan),功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸出級與負載(zai)匹配性好,商用(yong)電磁爐在8kW功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)下散熱器溫升小于6(測(ce)試于25)。

二、調頻方法

這種方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)優點是(shi)電(dian)路簡單,但商用(yong)電(dian)磁爐(lu)輸出功(gong)率大(da)時,電(dian)流相(xiang)位(wei)滯后于電(dian)壓相(xiang)位(wei),大(da)電(dian)流狀(zhuang)態(tai)下關斷(duan)時,功(gong)率管消耗很大(da)。因(yin)(yin)此即(ji)使散熱器(qi)上的(de)溫升沒有顯(xian)著增加(jia),芯片也可能(neng)過熱并損(sun)壞ICBT電(dian)源模塊。因(yin)(yin)此在8kW以(yi)上的(de)功(gong)率時不(bu)宜(yi)采(cai)用(yong)該方(fang)(fang)法(fa)調功(gong)。

三、 改變整流電壓(ya)法

將(jiang)三(san)相整(zheng)流(liu)模塊(kuai)改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)模塊(kuai),通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)0~10V的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)模塊(kuai)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)整(zheng)流(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)DC輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)來改(gai)(gai)變(bian)商(shang)用電(dian)(dian)磁爐的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),在額(e)定輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下,整(zheng)流(liu)模塊(kuai)完全(quan)導(dao)通(tong),獲(huo)得(de)額(e)定大功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),在非額(e)定大功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)下,由于(yu)整(zheng)流(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)DC電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)低,功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)與電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)呈平(ping)方(fang)關系下降(jiang)。這種(zhong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)調節方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)優點是電(dian)(dian)路簡(jian)單,功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)調節連(lian)續。頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)跟蹤可(ke)以(yi)在整(zheng)個功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)調節范圍內(nei)實現。這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)缺點是可(ke)控(kong)(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)模塊(kuai)沒有完全(quan)導(dao)通(tong),存在斬波(bo)間隙,對電(dian)(dian)磁兼容指(zhi)標影響很大。為(wei)(wei)了(le)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)磁兼容指(zhi)標,對電(dian)(dian)源濾波(bo)器(qi)和(he)整(zheng)流(liu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)要求較(jiao)高,而(er)且這部分的(de)(de)(de)元器(qi)件數量比較(jiao)多,增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)整(zheng)機的(de)(de)(de)尺寸和(he)成本。

四、 移相調脈寬法

如果變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)沒有(you)抽頭,則它僅用(yong)于(yu)將感應線圈與主電(dian)(dian)(dian)源隔(ge)離并(bing)匹(pi)配負載。作用(yong)T1和T2為(wei)左橋(qiao)臂(bei),T3和T4為(wei)右橋(qiao)臂(bei)。T1和T2的(de)(de)激(ji)勵脈(mo)(mo)沖被(bei)反轉,并(bing)且具(ju)有(you)足夠(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)死區(qu)時(shi)間(jian)來(lai)確保(bao)T1和T2不產生公共導通。類似T3和T4的(de)(de)激(ji)勵脈(mo)(mo)沖被(bei)反轉并(bing)且具(ju)有(you)足夠(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)死區(qu)時(shi)間(jian)。當左右橋(qiao)臂(bei)的(de)(de)激(ji)勵脈(mo)(mo)沖相(xiang)位差從180變為(wei)0時(shi),商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐的(de)(de)功(gong)率從大值到小值連續平(ping)滑變化,半(ban)橋(qiao)臂(bei)的(de)(de)功(gong)率管(guan)實(shi)(shi)現零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)切換。此外橋(qiao)臂(bei)另一半(ban)的(de)(de)功(gong)率管(guan)實(shi)(shi)現零電(dian)(dian)(dian)流開關(guan)。實(shi)(shi)際使(shi)用(yong)移相(xiang)脈(mo)(mo)寬(kuan)調制法時(shi),由于(yu)省略了補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)感,商用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)爐功(gong)率小時(shi)橋(qiao)臂(bei)前的(de)(de)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開關(guan)會錯位,所以功(gong)率低時(shi)采用(yong)間(jian)隙加熱法調節功(gong)率。

移(yi)相脈寬調制(zhi)法的缺點是IGBT管(guan)(guan)中有大電(dian)流(liu)通過續流(liu)二極管(guan)(guan),功(gong)率(lv)管(guan)(guan)的工作狀態不如上(shang)述變(bian)壓(ya)器抽頭法。它的優點是可以連續調節功(gong)率(lv),省(sheng)去了三個交流(liu)接觸器。

五、 脈沖功率輸(shu)出變壓器初級抽頭切換(huan)法

控制電(dian)路可以分別接(jie)(jie)通三(san)個交流接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)的常(chang)開觸(chu)點J1-1、J2-1,接(jie)(jie)通脈(mo)沖功(gong)(gong)率輸(shu)出變壓器(qi)(qi)的一次抽頭(tou),分別獲得大(da)、中、小、三(san)檔的功(gong)(gong)率。由(you)于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)的存在,這種(zhong)功(gong)(gong)率調節方式的機(ji)芯體積龐大(da)。小心(xin)打開和(he)關閉(bi)(bi)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)時,需要(yao)首先(xian)關閉(bi)(bi)激(ji)勵脈(mo)沖,以便(bian)在功(gong)(gong)率輸(shu)出級沒有電(dian)流時可以切換。

六、 間隙加熱法

向間隙(xi)施(shi)加(jia)激勵(li)脈沖(chong),使(shi)商(shang)用(yong)電磁爐(lu)間歇加(jia)熱,控(kong)制間歇加(jia)熱時間間隔(ge),調節電磁爐(lu)功率。電路簡單(dan),但通斷(duan)時有(you)電磁噪聲(sheng),對(dui)電源有(you)電流(liu)沖(chong)擊。使(shi)用(yong)這種功率調節方法時,要注意電流(liu)為零時激勵(li)脈沖(chong)的關斷(duan),否則關斷(duan)時鍋底的電磁噪聲(sheng)會比較大。

以上就是六種調(diao)試商(shang)用電磁(ci)爐功率的(de)方法,該設備適用于餐飲(yin)行業、廠礦院校、機關團(tuan)體、軍(jun)警部隊等企事業單(dan)位的(de)廚房。

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